Estudo de base populacional: perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde em idosos / Population-based study: socio-demographic and health profile of older adults / Estudio de base poblacional: perfil sociodemográfico y de salud en ancianos

Objetivo: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico e de saúde de idosos dos municípios numa regional de Minas Gerais. Método: estudo transversal de base populacional, realizado em 24 cidades com 3430 idosos. Aplicou-se: Mini exame do Estado Mental, instrumento de perfil sociodemográfico, Mini avaliação Nutricional, WHOQOL-BREF e WHOQOL-OLD. Para a análise se usou SPSS versão 20.0. Resultados: sexo feminino (61,5%), 60 a 69 anos (52,6%), sem escolarização/analfabeto ou fundamental incompleto (83,5%), recebendo até um salário mínimo (39,7%), aposentados (80,7%) média de 3,17 (dp=1,92) doenças por idoso, uso em média de 2,47 medicamentos (dp=1,37), risco para desnutrição (29,1%), excesso de peso (62,9%), etilismo (15,7%), tabagismo (15%), sedentarismo (43,1%), qualidade de vida com menores escores no domínio meio ambiente (62,0/dp=13,2) e, na faceta autonomia (66,8/dp=16,4). Conclusão: sexo feminino, baixa renda, média de três doenças por pessoa, excesso de peso, sedentarismo e qualidade de vida com menores escores no domínio meio ambiente e faceta autonomia caracterizam a população pesquisada.

Objective: to identify the sociodemographic and health profile of older adults in municipalities of the Uberaba Health Region in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Method: in this cross-sectional, population-based study, the Mini-Mental State Examination, a demographic and health profile instrument, the Mini Nutritional Assessment, WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOL-OLD were applied to 3430 older adults in 24 cities, between 2012 and 2013. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: female (61.5%), 60 to 69 years old (52.6%), no schooling or incomplete basic schooling (83.5%), income of one minimum wage or less (39.7%), pensioners (80.7%), mean 3.17 illnesses (SD = 1.92), use of 2.47 medicines (DP = 1.37), at risk for malnutrition (29.1%), overweight (62.9%), alcohol use (15.7%), smoking (15%), sedentary (43.1%), and with lowest quality of life scores in the environment domain (62.0%; DP = 13.2) and autonomy facet (66.8%; DP = 16.4). Conclusion: the study population was characteristically female, low-income, overweight, sedentary, had three diseases, and lowest quality of life scores in the environment domain and autonomy facet.

Objetivo: identificar el perfil sociodemográfico y de salud de ancianos de las ciudades en una Regional de Salud de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: estudio transversal de base poblacional, realizado en 24 ciudades junto a 3430 ancianos, entre 2012 y 2013. Se aplicó: mini-examen del estado mental, instrumento del perfil del sociodemográfico, mini-evaluación nutricional, WHOQOL-BREF y WHOQOL-OLD. Para el análisis se utilizó SPSS versión 20.0. Resultados: sexo femenino (61,5%), 60 a 69 años (52,6%), sin escolarización/analfabeto o secundario incompleto (83,5%), recibiendo hasta un salario mínimo (39,7%), jubilados (80,7%), promedio de 3,17 (dp=1,92) enfermedades por anciano, uso de 2,47 remedios (dp=1,37) en promedio, riesgo para la desnutrición (29,1%), exceso de peso (62,9%), alcoholismo (15,7%), tabaquismo (15%), sedentarismo (43,1%), calidad de la vida con menores puntuaciones en el dominio medio ambiente (62,0/dp=13,2) y, en el área autonomía (66,8/dp=16,4). Conclusión: sexo femenino, bajos ingresos, promedio de tres enfermedades por persona, exceso de peso, sedentarismo y calidad de la vida, con menores puntuaciones en el dominio medio ambiente y el área autonomía, caracterizan la población encuestada.

HIV/AIDS case definition criteria and association between sociodemographic and clinical aspects of the disease reported in the State of Minas Gerais from 2007 to 2016

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Over 30 years after the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic, several strategies have been implemented to verify the trend of the infection, the profile of the affected individuals, and the impact of prevention and control measures, with notification of asymptomatic carriers being the most recent measure. This study aimed to verify the geographic distribution of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and analyze the association between case definition criteria, sociodemographic data, and clinical aspects of the disease in the State of Minas Gerais between 2007 and 2016. METHODS: In this ecological and analytical study, 35,349 cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome reported in the State of Minas Gerais between 2007 and 2016 were analyzed. The data were analyzed using multiple correspondence factor analysis, time series analysis, descriptive statistics, and spatial distribution of the cases by macro-region. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were brown-skinned individuals, alive, diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on the basis of the criteria adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and living in municipalities with more than 50,000 (80.5%) inhabitants. Between 2007 and 2016, there was an increase in the number of criteria used for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus. By contrast, a consequent decrease was observed in the number of criteria used for defining cases, which were adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Rio de Janeiro/Caracas, and for identifying AIDS-related deaths. Young people aged between 13 and 29 years, individuals whose education level is compatible with the observed age, and homosexual men were associated with the HIV+ criterion. CONCLUSIONS: Out study showed that after the mandatory notification of human immunodeficiency virus-positive cases in 2014, there was a decrease in other criteria for defining human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases and changes in the profile of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity and associated factors in school children and adolescents in a medium-sized Brazilian city

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children and adolescents in a medium-sized Brazilian city. METHODS: In total, 1,125 children and adolescents between the ages of 5.6 and 18 years from public and private schools participated in the study. The sample included 681 girls and 444 boys. Each subject's weight and height were obtained according to Brazilian guidelines (SISVAN). The triceps (TSF), subscapular (SSF), biceps, suprailiac, femoral and calf skinfolds were measured in triplicate. Body mass index (BMI) was classified as the BMI percentile (BMIP) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 criteria. The percentage body fat (%BF) was obtained using the equations by Slaughter et al., 1998. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Overall, 364 participants with excess weight were identified: 17.3% were overweight, and 15.0% were obese. Among the girls, 18.0% were overweight, and 12.5% were obese; among the boys, 15.3% were overweight, and 18.0% were obese. These prevalence rates were higher when the time spent watching TV or participating in media-related activities surpassed 5 hrs/day, when individuals belonged to a higher economic class and when the head of the family had a higher education level (≥12 years). CONCLUSION: It is important to emphasize the need to increase our understanding of factors associated with overweight and obesity, and it is essential to implement measures and policies aimed at reversing this trend, such as stimulating healthy eating habits and physical activity and reducing time spent watching TV and participating in other media activities, including video games and social networking.

Porta de entrada para diagnóstico da tuberculose em idosos em municípios brasileiros / Puerta de entrada el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis en ancianos en municipios brasileños / Gateway to the diagnosis of tuberculosis among elders in Brazilian municipalities

RESUMOObjetivo:analisar os fatores associados à porta de entrada de sistemas de saúde de municípios brasileiros para o diagnóstico da tuberculose em pessoas idosas.Método:estudo tipo inquérito, cuja amostra foi de 91 idosos, em uma população de 706 casos de tuberculose. Coleta de dados feita por meio de instrumento baseado no Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) adaptado para a atenção à tuberculose, com ênfase na variável porta de entrada. As variáveis foram categorizadas e comparadas entre os serviços de atenção primária à saúde (APS) e assistência especializada (AE). Utilizou-se análise bivariada e teste de associação do Qui-quadrado.Resultados:encontrou-se associação estatisticamente signifi cante (p=0,0001) entre o primeiro serviço de saúde procurado e unidade que diagnosticou a tuberculose, mostrando melhor desempenho dos serviços de atenção especializada para o diagnóstico.Conclusão:é necessário melhorar os serviços da atenção primária à saúde para combater o retardo do diagnóstico da tuberculose em pessoas idosas.

RESUMENObjetivo:analizar los factores asociados a la “puerta de entrada” de sistemas de salud de municipios brasileños para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis en personas ancianas.Método:estudio del survey type, en el cual fue la muestra 91 ancianos en población of 706 cases of tuberculosis. Recopilación de datos hecha por medio de instrumento basado en el Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) adaptado para la atención a la tuberculosis con énfasis en la variable “puerta de entrada”. Las variables fueron categorizadas y comparadas entre los servicios de la atención primaria de la salud (APS) y asistencia especializada (AE). Se utilizó análisis bivariado y test de asociación del Chi-cuadrado.Resultados:se encontró asociación estadísticamente significante (p=0,0001) entre el primer servicio de salud buscado y la unidad que diagnosticó la TB, mostrando mejor desempeño de los servicios de asistencia especializada para el diagnóstico.Conclusión:es necesario mejorar los servicios de atención primaria de la salud para combatir el diagnóstico tardío de la tuberculosis en las personas ancianas.

ABSTRACTObjective:to analyze the factors associated with the gateway of the health systems of Brazilian municipalities for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in older people.Method:survey study type, with a sample of 91 elders, in a population with 706 cases of tuberculosis. Data were collected by means of an instrument based on the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) adapted for tuberculosis care, emphasizing the gateway variable. Variables were categorized and compared between primary health care (PHC) and specialized care (SC) services. Bivariate analysis and the Chi-square association test were used.Results:a statistically signifi cant association (p = 0.0001) was found between the fi rst health service sought and the unit that diagnosed tuberculosis, showing better performance of specialized care services in the diagnosis.Conclusion:it is necessary to improve primary health care services to tackle delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in older people.

Epidemiological profile of meningococcal disease in the State of Minas Gerais and in the Central, North, and Triângulo Mineiro regions, Brazil, during 2000-2009 / Perfil epidemiológico da doença meningocócica, no Estado de Minas Gerais e nas regiões Centro, Norte e Triângulo Mineiro, Brasil, de 2000 a 2009

INTRODUCTION: Infection by Neisseria meningitidis, termed as meningococcal disease, can cause meningococcal meningitis and septicemia with or without meningitis. Meningococcal disease is endemic in Brazil and has a high potential to cause large-scale epidemics; therefore, it requires the immediate notification of cases to the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) in Brazil. The aim of this study was to describe an epidemiological profile using data from notified and confirmed cases in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 2000 to December 2009, obtained from the investigation records of individuals with meningitis registered with SINAN. METHODS: This was a retrospective, population-based study. Descriptive analysis of the data was made using the simple and relative frequencies of the categorical variables in the investigation records. RESULTS: There were 1,688 confirmed patients in Minas Gerais of which 45.5% lived in the Central, North, and Triângulo Mineiro regions. The highest frequencies of cases were in the 1-4-years age group (26.3%), males (54.7%), caucasian (36.4%), and lived in an urban area (80%). In the patients with specified education, 650 (60.9%) patients had secondary education. Serogrouping of meningococci had been performed in 500 (29.6%) patients by age and gender; 285 (57%) belonged to serogroup C, 67 (13.4%) were in the 1-to 4-years age group, and 168 (33.6%) were male. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological profiles of patients in the Central, North, and Triângulo Mineiro regions were not significantly different from the profile of patients in Minas Gerais.

INTRODUÇÃO: A infecção por Neisseria meningitidis, denominada doença meningocócica, pode causar meningite meningocócica e meningococcemia com ou sem meningite. A doença meningocócica é endêmica no Brasil; no entanto, o alto potencial de causar epidemias e letalidade elevada impõe a notificação imediata dos casos ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico, utilizando registros de casos notificados e confirmados no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2009, obtidos a partir da ficha individual de investigação de meningites registrada no SINAN. M ÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, de base populacional. Foram realizadas análises descritivas dos dados, a partir das frequências simples absolutas e relativas para as variáveis categóricas da ficha de investigação e teste qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Houve 1.688 casos confirmados em Minas Gerais, dos quais 45,5% residiam no centro, norte e Triângulo Mineiro. As maiores frequências foram nos pacientes do grupo etário de 1 a 4 anos (26,3%), sexo masculino (54,7%), brancos (36,4%) e residiam em zona urbana (80%). Dos casos com escolaridade especificada, 650 (60,9%) casos cursaram ensino médio completo. Foram sorogrupados e classificados segundo idade e sexo 500 (29,6%) casos, e desses 285 (57%) foram sorogrupo C, 67 (13,4%) da faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos e 168 (33,6%) do sexo masculino. CONCLUSÕES: O perfil epidemiológico dos casos nas regiões centro e norte e Triângulo Mineiro não apresentaram diferenças importantes comparado ao perfil dos casos de Minas Gerais.